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This article offers a thorough examination of functional programming (FP), a powerful paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing state and mutable data. It covers fundamental concepts such as immutability, pure functions, function composition, recursion, and higher-order functions. Learn why FP is gaining traction in modern software development for its ability to produce more predictable, testable, and maintainable code, especially in concurrent and distributed systems. The article also touches upon popular FP languages and frameworks.